トレーニング/Training-Landing_1111

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[3] Welcome to the Landing training mission. In this mission, we'll practice landing procedures in the A-10C using an Instrument Landing System (ILS) approach into Batumi airbase.


I've engaged the autopilot to keep us level and on course. Maintain airspeed around 200 kts as we prepare the aircraft for the approach.


If you find it hard to hear my instructions over the background noise, exit the mission and turn down the WORLD and IN-COCKPIT sound sliders to about 50%.


[4] Landing is one of the more challenging aspects of any flight. A good landing will require careful control of the aircraft and use of various instruments in the cockpit for a precise approach under the direction of the airbase Air Traffic Controller (ATC).


A landing consists of navigating to the destination airfield using TACAN or GPS navigation, configuring the radio to the airfield's ATC frequency, configuring the ILS receiver to the airfield's ILS frequency, navigating to the Final Approach Fix as directed by ATC, and finally performing the final approach to fly the aircraft precisely down the glidepath toward the touchdown point of the runway.


Press the Space bar key when you are ready to begin.


[5] Because we covered TACAN navigation previously, we'll use the GPS component of the EGI to navigate to our destination in this lesson. The CDU DIVERT page lists the four closest airbases programmed in the CDU as selectable waypoints. To access this page, let's first open the CDU page on the right MFCD with OSB-13.


[6] Now open the CDU NAV page by pressing 'FUNC' followed by the '2' (NAV) key on the UFC.


[7] Press OSB-10 to open the DIVERT page.


[8] The DIVERT page displays the closest four airbases with their corresponding bearing, range and Time-To-Go numbers.


Press OSB-16 to make Batumi airbase your steerpoint.


[9] You can now use the navigation data block in the bottom right corner of the HUD to monitor the range and TTG to "home plate".


As indicated on the CDU FLD INFO (field info) page, the ATC radio frequency for Batumi is 131.000 MHz. We now need to set our VHF/AM radio to this frequency.


Press the Space bar key to proceed when the VHF/AM radio is tuned to 131.000


[10] Now left-click the ones MHz wheel once to set it to '1'.


[11] Good. We can now contact Batumi ATC for initial approach instructions. However, before we do this, let's also setup the ILS panel for the approach.


ILS is a ground-based precision approach system that guides approaching aircraft to the runway using vertical (glideslope) and horizontal (localizer) radio signals.


ILS beacons operate at specific frequencies that need to be tuned to by the approaching aircraft. Batumi ILS operates on 110.30 MHz.


On the ILS panel, roll the mouse wheel over the left frequency wheel to first set the frequency to '110'.


[12] Now roll the mouse wheel over the right frequency wheel to set the frequency decimal to '.30'.


[13] Power up the ILS receiver by right-clicking over the left frequency wheel.


[14] Let's now check in with Batumi approach and call our flight inbound.


Press the HOTAS Mic Switch FORWARD command or L.ALT and Num+ keys on the keyboard to open the VHF/AM radio menu.


[15] Now press F5 to select the ATC radio page, then Batumi approach, and finally F1 to call inbound.


Take note of the Inbound instructions you will receive.


Press the Space bar key to proceed once you've received the vector to the Final Approach Fix from Batumi ATC.


[16] Press the ESC key on the keyboard to exit the radio menu. We'll return to it in a few minutes.


We can now navigate to the Final Approach Fix, which will be approximately 10 nm off the runway.


Pattern altitudes vary depending on the airbase and local conditions, but are generally between 2,000-3,000 ft. AGL (Above Ground Level).


Whenever you're ready, press the Space bar key and I will disengage the autopilot so you can make the turn to the heading provided by ATC.


[17] Autopilot is OFF. You have control. Turn to the heading provided by ATC. Maintain altitude.


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[19] Autopilot is ON.


We need to match the Batumi altimeter reading in the cockpit to ensure the altitude readings in the pit are in reference to the altitude of the runway. Roll the altimeter pressure knob by rolling the mouse wheel down or clicking, holding and dragging the mouse to the left over the knob.


[20] We also need to set the HSI course to the runway heading of 130 degrees in order to get correct CDI indication for final approach. To do this, roll the mouse wheel over the HSI COURSE SET knob to set the HSI course needle to 130. Alternatively, you can press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the mouse left or right to turn the knob. Watch the HSI Bearing window for the exact bearing.


[21] Let's also scale the TAD map out a bit so you can see the airbase steerpoint on the map as we approach. Make the TAD SOI by pressing OSB-15 on the left MFCD, then press HOTAS DMS DOWN or the END key on the keyboard twice.


[22] Set the HUD as SOI by pressing the HOTAS Coolie Hat UP command or the U key on the keyboard.


[23] Because you'll want to concentrate on flying the aircraft once we turn on final, let's discuss now what will happen as we near the Final Approach Fix.


You want to hit the approach fix at approximately 2,500 ft. and 230 kts. Indicated Airspeed (KIAS).


As you approach the Final Approach Fix, the CDI needle on the HSI will begin to move down toward the course needle. You will turn toward the runway to keep the two needles aligned to pick up the glideslope along the runway heading. As you turn, you will bleed off speed to below 200 kts and extend the landing gear and flaps for landing.


Press the Space bar key to proceed when ready.


[24] Once the ILS signal is picked up by the ILS receiver, the Glideslope Deviation Indicator will appear on the ADI. You will need to center this needle by gaining or losing altitude to see the Pitch Steering bar appear on the ADI for precise pitch control down the glidepath. The Bank Steering bar will also appear on the ADI for precise directional control.


Press the Space Bar key to proceed when ready.


[25] Once established on the glidepath, use the Angle of Attack Indexer to maintain an onspeed approach, around 120 kts or slightly less, because we are coming in light today.


On the AOA Indexer, the "/\" (up arrow) light indicates speed is too fast. The "\/" (down arrow) light indicates speed is too low. The "O" ("donut)" light indicates proper speed. If both the donut and an arrow light are on, the speed is only slightly off from onspeed.


Press the Space Bar key to proceed when ready.


[26] In addition to ILS, Batumi airbase is equipped with a Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) lights system. PAPI is designed to assist the pilot in maintaining the glideslope during final approach. It consists of four lights lined up horizontally near the runway threshold. The lights indicate either red or white. Your goal is to see two red and two white lights going from left to right. More red means you are below glideslope. More white means you are above glideslope.


Press the Space Bar key to proceed when ready.


[27] We'll keep the aircraft on autopilot until we get a little closer to the approach fix.


If you wish, you can press the L.CTRL and Z keys to accelerate time. Press L.SHIFT and Z to return to normal time.


[28] You are now approaching the Final Approach Fix.


Select ILS mode on the NMSP.


[29] The red Glideslope Warning Flag on the ADI indicates that we are not currently receiving an ILS signal. The flag will be stowed and the Glideslope Deviation Indicator needle will appear when we are closer to the runway.


Whenever you're ready, press the Space bar key and I will disengage the autopilot so you can descend to pattern altitude.


[30] Autopilot is OFF.


You should by now see the Batumi runway at about your 10 o'clock. When the runway is closer to your 9 o'clock, you will be nearing the approach fix.


Check that the Anti-Skid switch is set to ON.


Descend to 2,500 ft. Maintain between 230 and 250 kts.


[31] The CDI is moving toward the course arrow on the HSI. Turn left toward the runway. Reduce power to begin gradually dropping your airspeed toward 200 kts and below.


If you overshoot the runway heading, perform a course correction in the opposite direction to realign the CDI with the course arrow.


[32] The Glideslope Deviation Indicator indicates that you are below the glidepath. Pick up some altitude to center the needle.


[33] The Glideslope Deviation Indicator indicates that you are above the glidepath. Lower your altitude to center the needle.


[34] The Glideslope Deviation Indicator indicates that you are on the glideslope. Maintain the glideslope by keeping the Pitch Steering bar centered on the ADI.


[35] If not already done, set the aircraft to landing configuration. Set the flaps to the DN (down) position by pressing the F key twice and lower the landing gear by pressing L.SHIFT and the G key on the keyboard.


[36] Fly the aircraft to keep the Pitch and Bank Steering bars centered on the ADI.


Monitor your airspeed to maintain approximately 120 kts.


[37] Batumi approach is now transferring us to Batumi terminal control for landing clearance. To request landing, press the HOTAS Mic Switch FORWARD command or L.ALT and Num+ keys to open the VHF/AM radio command menu. Then press F1 to request permission to land.


Once cleared, press the ESC key to exit the radio menu.


[38] The AOA Indexer is indicating your speed is too high for the approach. Increase AOA by pitching the nose up or reduce engine power to slow down. If need be, you can open the speedbrakes by pressing and holding the L.CTRL and B keys. To retract the speedbrakes, press and hold the L.SHIFT and B keys.


[39] The AOA Indexer is indicating your speed is too low. Add power.


[40] The AOA Indexer is indicating you are onspeed. Keep the donut light on as you approach.


[41] As you approach the runway threshold, the Pitch Steering bar on the ADI might begin to oscillate slightly. Do not chase the needle. Maintain the glideslope to the touchdown point.


[42] As you near to just a few feet above the runway, reduce engine power to Idle and gently pull the stick slightly back to flare the aircraft.


[43] Touchdown! Now lower the nose for nosegear touchdown.


[44] Use the rudder or X and Y keys to keep the aircraft running down the center of the runway. Engage the wheel brakes by pressing and holding the W key.


Once your speed is reduced to below 70 kts, engage nosewheel steering (NWS) by pressing the HOTAS Pinky Button or the INSERT key on the keyboard.


[45] Taxi off the runway using one of the taxiways to the left.


When taxiing, avoid holding down the brakes while turning at the same time. Keep the ground speed under control to avoid damaging the tires, gear mechanics or tipping the aircraft to either side.


[46] Follow the taxiway line to the parking spot. Looks like the crew chief is on his way over there now.


[47] We'll now shut down the aircraft.


First, set the Antiskid and Pitot Tube Heat switches to OFF.


[48] Turn off the ILS receiver by right-clicking the left frequency dial knob.


[49] Turn off the IFFCC and CICU on the AHCP.


[50] Turn off the left and right MFCDs.


[51] Turn off the Countermeasures system.


[52] Retract the flaps to the UP position by pressing L.SHIFT and F twice.


[53] Turn off the EGI and CDU on the right console.


[54] Spool down the left engine by pressing the R.ALT and END keys.


Monitor the EMI panel to check for a safe spool down to 0 core speed RPM and ITT below 200 degrees. Anticipate a slight heat "soakback" as the engine stops.


[55] Now power off the right engine by pressing the R.CTRL and END keys.


[56] Set the Inverter switch on the electrical panel to OFF.


[57] Turn off the battery.


[58] Turn off the VHF/AM, UHF and VHF/FM radios.


[59] This concludes the landing training flight. Press the ESC key to exit the mission.